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IP subnet calculator

Type an address with its prefix or mask to see the network, its usable range and masks. Split it into smaller subnets, or look up any prefix in the reference tables.

Network177.78.0.0/17
Usable hosts32,766
Subnet mask255.255.128.0
Addresses32,768
Network address
177.78.0.0
Broadcast address
177.78.127.255
First usable
177.78.0.1
Last usable
177.78.127.254
Usable hosts
32,766 (32,768 less the network and broadcast addresses)
Subnet mask
255.255.128.0
Wildcard mask
0.0.127.255 (Cisco ACLs, OSPF)
Prefix length
/17
Type
Public public
Old class
B (default /16)
As numbers
Hex B14E0000 · Integer 2974679040 to 2974711807
Reverse DNS zones
0.78.177.in-addr.arpa
1.78.177.in-addr.arpa
2.78.177.in-addr.arpa
3.78.177.in-addr.arpa
4.78.177.in-addr.arpa
5.78.177.in-addr.arpa
6.78.177.in-addr.arpa
7.78.177.in-addr.arpa
8.78.177.in-addr.arpa
9.78.177.in-addr.arpa
10.78.177.in-addr.arpa
11.78.177.in-addr.arpa
12.78.177.in-addr.arpa
13.78.177.in-addr.arpa
14.78.177.in-addr.arpa
15.78.177.in-addr.arpa
and 112 more
/17 is not on a 8-bit boundary, so it takes 128 /24 zones.
Binary
Binary view
Binary (network bits bold, host bits grey)Dotted
Address10110001.01001110.00000000.00000000177.78.0.0
Subnet mask11111111.11111111.10000000.00000000255.255.128.0
Network10110001.01001110.00000000.00000000177.78.0.0
Broadcast10110001.01001110.01111111.11111111177.78.127.255
Split into smaller subnets/23
/18 (2)/19 (4)/20 (8)/21 (16)/22 (32)/23 (64)/24 (128)/25 (256)/26 (512)/27 (1,024)/28 (2,048)/29 (4,096)

177.78.0.0/17 makes 64 subnets of /23.

Subnets
#SubnetUsable hosts rangeBroadcastHosts
1177.78.0.0/23177.78.0.1 to 177.78.1.254177.78.1.255510
2177.78.2.0/23177.78.2.1 to 177.78.3.254177.78.3.255510
3177.78.4.0/23177.78.4.1 to 177.78.5.254177.78.5.255510
4177.78.6.0/23177.78.6.1 to 177.78.7.254177.78.7.255510
5177.78.8.0/23177.78.8.1 to 177.78.9.254177.78.9.255510
6177.78.10.0/23177.78.10.1 to 177.78.11.254177.78.11.255510
7177.78.12.0/23177.78.12.1 to 177.78.13.254177.78.13.255510
8177.78.14.0/23177.78.14.1 to 177.78.15.254177.78.15.255510
9177.78.16.0/23177.78.16.1 to 177.78.17.254177.78.17.255510
10177.78.18.0/23177.78.18.1 to 177.78.19.254177.78.19.255510
11177.78.20.0/23177.78.20.1 to 177.78.21.254177.78.21.255510
12177.78.22.0/23177.78.22.1 to 177.78.23.254177.78.23.255510
13177.78.24.0/23177.78.24.1 to 177.78.25.254177.78.25.255510
14177.78.26.0/23177.78.26.1 to 177.78.27.254177.78.27.255510
15177.78.28.0/23177.78.28.1 to 177.78.29.254177.78.29.255510
16177.78.30.0/23177.78.30.1 to 177.78.31.254177.78.31.255510
17177.78.32.0/23177.78.32.1 to 177.78.33.254177.78.33.255510
18177.78.34.0/23177.78.34.1 to 177.78.35.254177.78.35.255510
19177.78.36.0/23177.78.36.1 to 177.78.37.254177.78.37.255510
20177.78.38.0/23177.78.38.1 to 177.78.39.254177.78.39.255510
21177.78.40.0/23177.78.40.1 to 177.78.41.254177.78.41.255510
22177.78.42.0/23177.78.42.1 to 177.78.43.254177.78.43.255510
23177.78.44.0/23177.78.44.1 to 177.78.45.254177.78.45.255510
24177.78.46.0/23177.78.46.1 to 177.78.47.254177.78.47.255510
25177.78.48.0/23177.78.48.1 to 177.78.49.254177.78.49.255510
26177.78.50.0/23177.78.50.1 to 177.78.51.254177.78.51.255510
27177.78.52.0/23177.78.52.1 to 177.78.53.254177.78.53.255510
28177.78.54.0/23177.78.54.1 to 177.78.55.254177.78.55.255510
29177.78.56.0/23177.78.56.1 to 177.78.57.254177.78.57.255510
30177.78.58.0/23177.78.58.1 to 177.78.59.254177.78.59.255510
31177.78.60.0/23177.78.60.1 to 177.78.61.254177.78.61.255510
32177.78.62.0/23177.78.62.1 to 177.78.63.254177.78.63.255510
33177.78.64.0/23177.78.64.1 to 177.78.65.254177.78.65.255510
34177.78.66.0/23177.78.66.1 to 177.78.67.254177.78.67.255510
35177.78.68.0/23177.78.68.1 to 177.78.69.254177.78.69.255510
36177.78.70.0/23177.78.70.1 to 177.78.71.254177.78.71.255510
37177.78.72.0/23177.78.72.1 to 177.78.73.254177.78.73.255510
38177.78.74.0/23177.78.74.1 to 177.78.75.254177.78.75.255510
39177.78.76.0/23177.78.76.1 to 177.78.77.254177.78.77.255510
40177.78.78.0/23177.78.78.1 to 177.78.79.254177.78.79.255510
41177.78.80.0/23177.78.80.1 to 177.78.81.254177.78.81.255510
42177.78.82.0/23177.78.82.1 to 177.78.83.254177.78.83.255510
43177.78.84.0/23177.78.84.1 to 177.78.85.254177.78.85.255510
44177.78.86.0/23177.78.86.1 to 177.78.87.254177.78.87.255510
45177.78.88.0/23177.78.88.1 to 177.78.89.254177.78.89.255510
46177.78.90.0/23177.78.90.1 to 177.78.91.254177.78.91.255510
47177.78.92.0/23177.78.92.1 to 177.78.93.254177.78.93.255510
48177.78.94.0/23177.78.94.1 to 177.78.95.254177.78.95.255510
49177.78.96.0/23177.78.96.1 to 177.78.97.254177.78.97.255510
50177.78.98.0/23177.78.98.1 to 177.78.99.254177.78.99.255510
51177.78.100.0/23177.78.100.1 to 177.78.101.254177.78.101.255510
52177.78.102.0/23177.78.102.1 to 177.78.103.254177.78.103.255510
53177.78.104.0/23177.78.104.1 to 177.78.105.254177.78.105.255510
54177.78.106.0/23177.78.106.1 to 177.78.107.254177.78.107.255510
55177.78.108.0/23177.78.108.1 to 177.78.109.254177.78.109.255510
56177.78.110.0/23177.78.110.1 to 177.78.111.254177.78.111.255510
57177.78.112.0/23177.78.112.1 to 177.78.113.254177.78.113.255510
58177.78.114.0/23177.78.114.1 to 177.78.115.254177.78.115.255510
59177.78.116.0/23177.78.116.1 to 177.78.117.254177.78.117.255510
60177.78.118.0/23177.78.118.1 to 177.78.119.254177.78.119.255510
61177.78.120.0/23177.78.120.1 to 177.78.121.254177.78.121.255510
62177.78.122.0/23177.78.122.1 to 177.78.123.254177.78.123.255510
63177.78.124.0/23177.78.124.1 to 177.78.125.254177.78.125.255510
64177.78.126.0/23177.78.126.1 to 177.78.127.254177.78.127.255510

IPv4 CIDR reference (/0 to /32)

IPv4 prefix lengths
PrefixSubnet maskWildcardAddressesUsable hostsSizeTypical use
/00.0.0.0255.255.255.2554,294,967,2964,294,967,29416,777,216 × /24
/1128.0.0.0127.255.255.2552,147,483,6482,147,483,6468,388,608 × /24
/2192.0.0.063.255.255.2551,073,741,8241,073,741,8224,194,304 × /24
/3224.0.0.031.255.255.255536,870,912536,870,9102,097,152 × /24
/4240.0.0.015.255.255.255268,435,456268,435,4541,048,576 × /24
/5248.0.0.07.255.255.255134,217,728134,217,726524,288 × /24
/6252.0.0.03.255.255.25567,108,86467,108,862262,144 × /24
/7254.0.0.01.255.255.25533,554,43233,554,430131,072 × /24
/8255.0.0.00.255.255.25516,777,21616,777,21465,536 × /24Old class A; 10.0.0.0/8
/9255.128.0.00.127.255.2558,388,6088,388,60632,768 × /24
/10255.192.0.00.63.255.2554,194,3044,194,30216,384 × /24
/11255.224.0.00.31.255.2552,097,1522,097,1508,192 × /24
/12255.240.0.00.15.255.2551,048,5761,048,5744,096 × /24172.16.0.0/12
/13255.248.0.00.7.255.255524,288524,2862,048 × /24
/14255.252.0.00.3.255.255262,144262,1421,024 × /24
/15255.254.0.00.1.255.255131,072131,070512 × /24
/16255.255.0.00.0.255.25565,53665,534256 × /24Old class B; 192.168.0.0/16
/17255.255.128.00.0.127.25532,76832,766128 × /24
/18255.255.192.00.0.63.25516,38416,38264 × /24
/19255.255.224.00.0.31.2558,1928,19032 × /24
/20255.255.240.00.0.15.2554,0964,09416 × /24
/21255.255.248.00.0.7.2552,0482,0468 × /24
/22255.255.252.00.0.3.2551,0241,0224 × /24Large office or guest Wi-Fi (1,022 hosts)
/23255.255.254.00.0.1.2555125102 × /24Larger office LAN (510 hosts)
/24255.255.255.00.0.0.2552562541 × /24Typical office LAN (old class C)
/25255.255.255.1280.0.0.1271281261/2 of a /24Smaller LAN or VLAN
/26255.255.255.1920.0.0.6364621/4 of a /24Smaller LAN or VLAN
/27255.255.255.2240.0.0.3132301/8 of a /24Small VLAN, phones, cameras
/28255.255.255.2400.0.0.1516141/16 of a /24Small VLAN, phones, cameras
/29255.255.255.2480.0.0.7861/32 of a /24Small fixed public block (5 usable)
/30255.255.255.2520.0.0.3421/64 of a /24Point-to-point (old style)
/31255.255.255.2540.0.0.1221/128 of a /24Point-to-point link (RFC 3021)
/32255.255.255.2550.0.0.0111/256 of a /24One host

IPv6 prefix reference

IPv6 prefix lengths
PrefixAddresses/64 LANs/48 sitesNibbleTypical use
/342,535,295,865,117,307,932,921,825,928,971,026,432 (2^125)2,305,843,009,213,693,95235,184,372,088,832NoAll global unicast (2000::/3)
/165,192,296,858,534,827,628,530,496,329,220,096 (2^112)281,474,976,710,6564,294,967,296Yes
/20324,518,553,658,426,726,783,156,020,576,256 (2^108)17,592,186,044,416268,435,456YesLarge provider allocation (RIPE minimum for some)
/29633,825,300,114,114,700,748,351,602,688 (2^99)34,359,738,368524,288NoRIPE allocation to a provider (often)
/3279,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,336 (2^96)4,294,967,29665,536YesProvider allocation (RIPE default)
/364,951,760,157,141,521,099,596,496,896 (2^92)268,435,4564,096Yes
/40309,485,009,821,345,068,724,781,056 (2^88)16,777,216256Yes
/4419,342,813,113,834,066,795,298,816 (2^84)1,048,57616Yes
/481,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 (2^80)65,5361YesOne site or organisation (RIPE PI / assignment)
/5275,557,863,725,914,323,419,136 (2^76)4,096Yes
/564,722,366,482,869,645,213,696 (2^72)256YesSmall site or home (common provider assignment)
/60295,147,905,179,352,825,856 (2^68)16YesSome home broadband (16 LANs)
/6418,446,744,073,709,551,616 (2^64)1YesOne LAN or VLAN (needed for SLAAC)
/7272,057,594,037,927,936 (2^56)1/256 of a /64Yes
/80281,474,976,710,656 (2^48)1/65,536 of a /64Yes
/964,294,967,2961/4,294,967,296 of a /64YesEmbeds an IPv4 address (NAT64)
/11265,5361/281,474,976,710,656 of a /64Yes
/1202561/72,057,594,037,927,936 of a /64Yes
/124161/1,152,921,504,606,846,976 of a /64Yes
/12641/4,611,686,018,427,387,904 of a /64No
/12721/9,223,372,036,854,775,808 of a /64NoPoint-to-point link (RFC 6164)
/12811/18,446,744,073,709,551,616 of a /64YesOne host or loopback

Private and special ranges

IPv4

Special-purpose ranges
RangeNameWhat it is
255.255.255.255/32Limited broadcastEvery host on the local network
0.0.0.0/8This networkNot routed; 0.0.0.0 means "any address" in settings
10.0.0.0/8Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
100.64.0.0/10Shared address space (CGNAT)Used by providers behind carrier-grade NAT (RFC 6598)
127.0.0.0/8LoopbackThis computer
169.254.0.0/16Link-local (APIPA)Self-assigned when no DHCP server answers
172.16.0.0/12Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
192.0.0.0/24IETF protocol assignmentsSpecial uses such as DS-Lite
192.0.2.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-1)For examples; never used on a network
192.88.99.0/246to4 relay (deprecated)Formerly anycast for 6to4
192.168.0.0/16Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
198.18.0.0/15BenchmarkingNetwork equipment testing (RFC 2544)
198.51.100.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-2)For examples; never used on a network
203.0.113.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-3)For examples; never used on a network
224.0.0.0/4MulticastOne-to-many traffic, such as IPTV and routing protocols
240.0.0.0/4ReservedFuture use; not usable on most systems

IPv6

Special-purpose ranges
RangeNameWhat it is
::/128UnspecifiedNo address; :: means "any address" in settings
::1/128LoopbackThis computer
::ffff:0:0/96IPv4-mappedAn IPv4 address written as IPv6
64:ff9b::/96NAT64IPv4 addresses reached through a NAT64 gateway
100::/64Discard onlyTraffic sent here is dropped (RFC 6666)
2001:db8::/32DocumentationFor examples; never used on a network
2001::/32TeredoIPv6 tunnelled over IPv4 UDP
2002::/166to4IPv6 tunnelled over IPv4 (largely retired)
3fff::/20DocumentationFor examples (RFC 9637)
fc00::/7Unique local (ULA)Private IPv6, like RFC 1918; usually fd00::/8
fe80::/10Link-localEvery IPv6 interface has one; not routed
ff00::/8MulticastOne-to-many traffic; replaces broadcast
2000::/3Global unicastPublic internet addresses

About this tool

A network is written as an address and a prefix length, such as 192.168.1.0/24: the first 24 bits name the network and the rest number the devices on it. The calculator works out where the network starts and ends, how many devices it holds, its subnet and wildcard masks, and the reverse DNS zone to ask your provider for.

It also splits a network into equal smaller ones (one per VLAN or site), turns a range of addresses into the fewest CIDR blocks for a firewall rule, and lists every IPv4 prefix length and the common IPv6 ones in reference tables.

Common questions

Why are two addresses lost in every IPv4 subnet?

The first address names the network and the last is the broadcast address, so a /24 has 256 addresses but 254 for devices. A /31 (a link between two routers) and a /32 (one host) are the exceptions.

What size of IPv6 network should a LAN use?

Always /64. Devices pick their own address within it (SLAAC), which needs the full 64 bits. A site usually gets a /48 or /56 from its provider, which holds 65,536 or 256 LANs.

What is a wildcard mask?

The subnet mask turned inside out: 255.255.255.0 becomes 0.0.0.255. Cisco access lists and OSPF use it to say which bits must match.

Which ranges can I use inside an office?

IPv4: 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16. IPv6: unique local addresses from fd00::/8, though most networks use the public prefix from their provider.