Speed and call quality testMy IP addressIP subnet calculatorDNS reportWhoIs lookupRemote support

Internet and network

Speed and call quality testTest delay, jitter and speed, with a focus on phone calls.My IP addressYour public IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, provider and address range.WhoIs lookupWho owns a domain or IP address, when it expires, and its DNS.DNS reportEvery DNS record for a domain, with email setup checked.IP subnet calculatorWork out a network's range, mask and hosts, and split it into subnets.

Computers and devices

Update checkIs this computer, phone and browser up to date? With links to update.Camera and mic testCheck your webcam and microphone before a call.Test print pagePrint an A4 page to check a printer: edges, text, line art and colours.

Make and print

Clean textStrip hidden characters, smart quotes and odd spaces from pasted text.QR code makerMake a QR code for a link, contact or message. Nothing leaves your browser.Wi-Fi QR posterPrint an A4 poster that lets guests join your Wi-Fi by scanning.

Surftec support

Remote supportLet a Surftec engineer connect to your computer to help you.All workingA full-screen confirmation that everything is up and running.

Surftec

Surftec websiteServices, news and how to contact Surftec
Cloud Tools
Guest
GuestNot signed in

Surftec customers will be recognised automatically when they use these tools from their office network.

Customer sign-in is coming soon.

IP subnet calculator

Type an address with its prefix or mask to see the network, its usable range and masks. Split it into smaller subnets, or look up any prefix in the reference tables.

Network228.90.64.0/19
Usable hosts8,190
Subnet mask255.255.224.0
Addresses8,192
Network address
228.90.64.0
Broadcast address
228.90.95.255
First usable
228.90.64.1
Last usable
228.90.95.254
Usable hosts
8,190 (8,192 less the network and broadcast addresses)
Subnet mask
255.255.224.0
Wildcard mask
0.0.31.255 (Cisco ACLs, OSPF)
Prefix length
/19
Type
Multicast 224.0.0.0/4
One-to-many traffic, such as IPTV and routing protocols
Old class
D (multicast)
As numbers
Hex E45A4000 · Integer 3831119872 to 3831128063
Reverse DNS zones
64.90.228.in-addr.arpa
65.90.228.in-addr.arpa
66.90.228.in-addr.arpa
67.90.228.in-addr.arpa
68.90.228.in-addr.arpa
69.90.228.in-addr.arpa
70.90.228.in-addr.arpa
71.90.228.in-addr.arpa
72.90.228.in-addr.arpa
73.90.228.in-addr.arpa
74.90.228.in-addr.arpa
75.90.228.in-addr.arpa
76.90.228.in-addr.arpa
77.90.228.in-addr.arpa
78.90.228.in-addr.arpa
79.90.228.in-addr.arpa
and 16 more
/19 is not on a 8-bit boundary, so it takes 32 /24 zones.
Binary
Binary view
Binary (network bits bold, host bits grey)Dotted
Address11100100.01011010.01000000.00000000228.90.64.0
Subnet mask11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000255.255.224.0
Network11100100.01011010.01000000.00000000228.90.64.0
Broadcast11100100.01011010.01011111.11111111228.90.95.255
Split into smaller subnets/26
/20 (2)/21 (4)/22 (8)/23 (16)/24 (32)/25 (64)/26 (128)/27 (256)/28 (512)/29 (1,024)/30 (2,048)/31 (4,096)

228.90.64.0/19 makes 128 subnets of /26.

Subnets
#SubnetUsable hosts rangeBroadcastHosts
1228.90.64.0/26228.90.64.1 to 228.90.64.62228.90.64.6362
2228.90.64.64/26228.90.64.65 to 228.90.64.126228.90.64.12762
3228.90.64.128/26228.90.64.129 to 228.90.64.190228.90.64.19162
4228.90.64.192/26228.90.64.193 to 228.90.64.254228.90.64.25562
5228.90.65.0/26228.90.65.1 to 228.90.65.62228.90.65.6362
6228.90.65.64/26228.90.65.65 to 228.90.65.126228.90.65.12762
7228.90.65.128/26228.90.65.129 to 228.90.65.190228.90.65.19162
8228.90.65.192/26228.90.65.193 to 228.90.65.254228.90.65.25562
9228.90.66.0/26228.90.66.1 to 228.90.66.62228.90.66.6362
10228.90.66.64/26228.90.66.65 to 228.90.66.126228.90.66.12762
11228.90.66.128/26228.90.66.129 to 228.90.66.190228.90.66.19162
12228.90.66.192/26228.90.66.193 to 228.90.66.254228.90.66.25562
13228.90.67.0/26228.90.67.1 to 228.90.67.62228.90.67.6362
14228.90.67.64/26228.90.67.65 to 228.90.67.126228.90.67.12762
15228.90.67.128/26228.90.67.129 to 228.90.67.190228.90.67.19162
16228.90.67.192/26228.90.67.193 to 228.90.67.254228.90.67.25562
17228.90.68.0/26228.90.68.1 to 228.90.68.62228.90.68.6362
18228.90.68.64/26228.90.68.65 to 228.90.68.126228.90.68.12762
19228.90.68.128/26228.90.68.129 to 228.90.68.190228.90.68.19162
20228.90.68.192/26228.90.68.193 to 228.90.68.254228.90.68.25562
21228.90.69.0/26228.90.69.1 to 228.90.69.62228.90.69.6362
22228.90.69.64/26228.90.69.65 to 228.90.69.126228.90.69.12762
23228.90.69.128/26228.90.69.129 to 228.90.69.190228.90.69.19162
24228.90.69.192/26228.90.69.193 to 228.90.69.254228.90.69.25562
25228.90.70.0/26228.90.70.1 to 228.90.70.62228.90.70.6362
26228.90.70.64/26228.90.70.65 to 228.90.70.126228.90.70.12762
27228.90.70.128/26228.90.70.129 to 228.90.70.190228.90.70.19162
28228.90.70.192/26228.90.70.193 to 228.90.70.254228.90.70.25562
29228.90.71.0/26228.90.71.1 to 228.90.71.62228.90.71.6362
30228.90.71.64/26228.90.71.65 to 228.90.71.126228.90.71.12762
31228.90.71.128/26228.90.71.129 to 228.90.71.190228.90.71.19162
32228.90.71.192/26228.90.71.193 to 228.90.71.254228.90.71.25562
33228.90.72.0/26228.90.72.1 to 228.90.72.62228.90.72.6362
34228.90.72.64/26228.90.72.65 to 228.90.72.126228.90.72.12762
35228.90.72.128/26228.90.72.129 to 228.90.72.190228.90.72.19162
36228.90.72.192/26228.90.72.193 to 228.90.72.254228.90.72.25562
37228.90.73.0/26228.90.73.1 to 228.90.73.62228.90.73.6362
38228.90.73.64/26228.90.73.65 to 228.90.73.126228.90.73.12762
39228.90.73.128/26228.90.73.129 to 228.90.73.190228.90.73.19162
40228.90.73.192/26228.90.73.193 to 228.90.73.254228.90.73.25562
41228.90.74.0/26228.90.74.1 to 228.90.74.62228.90.74.6362
42228.90.74.64/26228.90.74.65 to 228.90.74.126228.90.74.12762
43228.90.74.128/26228.90.74.129 to 228.90.74.190228.90.74.19162
44228.90.74.192/26228.90.74.193 to 228.90.74.254228.90.74.25562
45228.90.75.0/26228.90.75.1 to 228.90.75.62228.90.75.6362
46228.90.75.64/26228.90.75.65 to 228.90.75.126228.90.75.12762
47228.90.75.128/26228.90.75.129 to 228.90.75.190228.90.75.19162
48228.90.75.192/26228.90.75.193 to 228.90.75.254228.90.75.25562
49228.90.76.0/26228.90.76.1 to 228.90.76.62228.90.76.6362
50228.90.76.64/26228.90.76.65 to 228.90.76.126228.90.76.12762
51228.90.76.128/26228.90.76.129 to 228.90.76.190228.90.76.19162
52228.90.76.192/26228.90.76.193 to 228.90.76.254228.90.76.25562
53228.90.77.0/26228.90.77.1 to 228.90.77.62228.90.77.6362
54228.90.77.64/26228.90.77.65 to 228.90.77.126228.90.77.12762
55228.90.77.128/26228.90.77.129 to 228.90.77.190228.90.77.19162
56228.90.77.192/26228.90.77.193 to 228.90.77.254228.90.77.25562
57228.90.78.0/26228.90.78.1 to 228.90.78.62228.90.78.6362
58228.90.78.64/26228.90.78.65 to 228.90.78.126228.90.78.12762
59228.90.78.128/26228.90.78.129 to 228.90.78.190228.90.78.19162
60228.90.78.192/26228.90.78.193 to 228.90.78.254228.90.78.25562
61228.90.79.0/26228.90.79.1 to 228.90.79.62228.90.79.6362
62228.90.79.64/26228.90.79.65 to 228.90.79.126228.90.79.12762
63228.90.79.128/26228.90.79.129 to 228.90.79.190228.90.79.19162
64228.90.79.192/26228.90.79.193 to 228.90.79.254228.90.79.25562
65228.90.80.0/26228.90.80.1 to 228.90.80.62228.90.80.6362
66228.90.80.64/26228.90.80.65 to 228.90.80.126228.90.80.12762
67228.90.80.128/26228.90.80.129 to 228.90.80.190228.90.80.19162
68228.90.80.192/26228.90.80.193 to 228.90.80.254228.90.80.25562
69228.90.81.0/26228.90.81.1 to 228.90.81.62228.90.81.6362
70228.90.81.64/26228.90.81.65 to 228.90.81.126228.90.81.12762
71228.90.81.128/26228.90.81.129 to 228.90.81.190228.90.81.19162
72228.90.81.192/26228.90.81.193 to 228.90.81.254228.90.81.25562
73228.90.82.0/26228.90.82.1 to 228.90.82.62228.90.82.6362
74228.90.82.64/26228.90.82.65 to 228.90.82.126228.90.82.12762
75228.90.82.128/26228.90.82.129 to 228.90.82.190228.90.82.19162
76228.90.82.192/26228.90.82.193 to 228.90.82.254228.90.82.25562
77228.90.83.0/26228.90.83.1 to 228.90.83.62228.90.83.6362
78228.90.83.64/26228.90.83.65 to 228.90.83.126228.90.83.12762
79228.90.83.128/26228.90.83.129 to 228.90.83.190228.90.83.19162
80228.90.83.192/26228.90.83.193 to 228.90.83.254228.90.83.25562
81228.90.84.0/26228.90.84.1 to 228.90.84.62228.90.84.6362
82228.90.84.64/26228.90.84.65 to 228.90.84.126228.90.84.12762
83228.90.84.128/26228.90.84.129 to 228.90.84.190228.90.84.19162
84228.90.84.192/26228.90.84.193 to 228.90.84.254228.90.84.25562
85228.90.85.0/26228.90.85.1 to 228.90.85.62228.90.85.6362
86228.90.85.64/26228.90.85.65 to 228.90.85.126228.90.85.12762
87228.90.85.128/26228.90.85.129 to 228.90.85.190228.90.85.19162
88228.90.85.192/26228.90.85.193 to 228.90.85.254228.90.85.25562
89228.90.86.0/26228.90.86.1 to 228.90.86.62228.90.86.6362
90228.90.86.64/26228.90.86.65 to 228.90.86.126228.90.86.12762
91228.90.86.128/26228.90.86.129 to 228.90.86.190228.90.86.19162
92228.90.86.192/26228.90.86.193 to 228.90.86.254228.90.86.25562
93228.90.87.0/26228.90.87.1 to 228.90.87.62228.90.87.6362
94228.90.87.64/26228.90.87.65 to 228.90.87.126228.90.87.12762
95228.90.87.128/26228.90.87.129 to 228.90.87.190228.90.87.19162
96228.90.87.192/26228.90.87.193 to 228.90.87.254228.90.87.25562
97228.90.88.0/26228.90.88.1 to 228.90.88.62228.90.88.6362
98228.90.88.64/26228.90.88.65 to 228.90.88.126228.90.88.12762
99228.90.88.128/26228.90.88.129 to 228.90.88.190228.90.88.19162
100228.90.88.192/26228.90.88.193 to 228.90.88.254228.90.88.25562
101228.90.89.0/26228.90.89.1 to 228.90.89.62228.90.89.6362
102228.90.89.64/26228.90.89.65 to 228.90.89.126228.90.89.12762
103228.90.89.128/26228.90.89.129 to 228.90.89.190228.90.89.19162
104228.90.89.192/26228.90.89.193 to 228.90.89.254228.90.89.25562
105228.90.90.0/26228.90.90.1 to 228.90.90.62228.90.90.6362
106228.90.90.64/26228.90.90.65 to 228.90.90.126228.90.90.12762
107228.90.90.128/26228.90.90.129 to 228.90.90.190228.90.90.19162
108228.90.90.192/26228.90.90.193 to 228.90.90.254228.90.90.25562
109228.90.91.0/26228.90.91.1 to 228.90.91.62228.90.91.6362
110228.90.91.64/26228.90.91.65 to 228.90.91.126228.90.91.12762
111228.90.91.128/26228.90.91.129 to 228.90.91.190228.90.91.19162
112228.90.91.192/26228.90.91.193 to 228.90.91.254228.90.91.25562
113228.90.92.0/26228.90.92.1 to 228.90.92.62228.90.92.6362
114228.90.92.64/26228.90.92.65 to 228.90.92.126228.90.92.12762
115228.90.92.128/26228.90.92.129 to 228.90.92.190228.90.92.19162
116228.90.92.192/26228.90.92.193 to 228.90.92.254228.90.92.25562
117228.90.93.0/26228.90.93.1 to 228.90.93.62228.90.93.6362
118228.90.93.64/26228.90.93.65 to 228.90.93.126228.90.93.12762
119228.90.93.128/26228.90.93.129 to 228.90.93.190228.90.93.19162
120228.90.93.192/26228.90.93.193 to 228.90.93.254228.90.93.25562
121228.90.94.0/26228.90.94.1 to 228.90.94.62228.90.94.6362
122228.90.94.64/26228.90.94.65 to 228.90.94.126228.90.94.12762
123228.90.94.128/26228.90.94.129 to 228.90.94.190228.90.94.19162
124228.90.94.192/26228.90.94.193 to 228.90.94.254228.90.94.25562
125228.90.95.0/26228.90.95.1 to 228.90.95.62228.90.95.6362
126228.90.95.64/26228.90.95.65 to 228.90.95.126228.90.95.12762
127228.90.95.128/26228.90.95.129 to 228.90.95.190228.90.95.19162
128228.90.95.192/26228.90.95.193 to 228.90.95.254228.90.95.25562

IPv4 CIDR reference (/0 to /32)

IPv4 prefix lengths
PrefixSubnet maskWildcardAddressesUsable hostsSizeTypical use
/00.0.0.0255.255.255.2554,294,967,2964,294,967,29416,777,216 × /24
/1128.0.0.0127.255.255.2552,147,483,6482,147,483,6468,388,608 × /24
/2192.0.0.063.255.255.2551,073,741,8241,073,741,8224,194,304 × /24
/3224.0.0.031.255.255.255536,870,912536,870,9102,097,152 × /24
/4240.0.0.015.255.255.255268,435,456268,435,4541,048,576 × /24
/5248.0.0.07.255.255.255134,217,728134,217,726524,288 × /24
/6252.0.0.03.255.255.25567,108,86467,108,862262,144 × /24
/7254.0.0.01.255.255.25533,554,43233,554,430131,072 × /24
/8255.0.0.00.255.255.25516,777,21616,777,21465,536 × /24Old class A; 10.0.0.0/8
/9255.128.0.00.127.255.2558,388,6088,388,60632,768 × /24
/10255.192.0.00.63.255.2554,194,3044,194,30216,384 × /24
/11255.224.0.00.31.255.2552,097,1522,097,1508,192 × /24
/12255.240.0.00.15.255.2551,048,5761,048,5744,096 × /24172.16.0.0/12
/13255.248.0.00.7.255.255524,288524,2862,048 × /24
/14255.252.0.00.3.255.255262,144262,1421,024 × /24
/15255.254.0.00.1.255.255131,072131,070512 × /24
/16255.255.0.00.0.255.25565,53665,534256 × /24Old class B; 192.168.0.0/16
/17255.255.128.00.0.127.25532,76832,766128 × /24
/18255.255.192.00.0.63.25516,38416,38264 × /24
/19255.255.224.00.0.31.2558,1928,19032 × /24
/20255.255.240.00.0.15.2554,0964,09416 × /24
/21255.255.248.00.0.7.2552,0482,0468 × /24
/22255.255.252.00.0.3.2551,0241,0224 × /24Large office or guest Wi-Fi (1,022 hosts)
/23255.255.254.00.0.1.2555125102 × /24Larger office LAN (510 hosts)
/24255.255.255.00.0.0.2552562541 × /24Typical office LAN (old class C)
/25255.255.255.1280.0.0.1271281261/2 of a /24Smaller LAN or VLAN
/26255.255.255.1920.0.0.6364621/4 of a /24Smaller LAN or VLAN
/27255.255.255.2240.0.0.3132301/8 of a /24Small VLAN, phones, cameras
/28255.255.255.2400.0.0.1516141/16 of a /24Small VLAN, phones, cameras
/29255.255.255.2480.0.0.7861/32 of a /24Small fixed public block (5 usable)
/30255.255.255.2520.0.0.3421/64 of a /24Point-to-point (old style)
/31255.255.255.2540.0.0.1221/128 of a /24Point-to-point link (RFC 3021)
/32255.255.255.2550.0.0.0111/256 of a /24One host

IPv6 prefix reference

IPv6 prefix lengths
PrefixAddresses/64 LANs/48 sitesNibbleTypical use
/342,535,295,865,117,307,932,921,825,928,971,026,432 (2^125)2,305,843,009,213,693,95235,184,372,088,832NoAll global unicast (2000::/3)
/165,192,296,858,534,827,628,530,496,329,220,096 (2^112)281,474,976,710,6564,294,967,296Yes
/20324,518,553,658,426,726,783,156,020,576,256 (2^108)17,592,186,044,416268,435,456YesLarge provider allocation (RIPE minimum for some)
/29633,825,300,114,114,700,748,351,602,688 (2^99)34,359,738,368524,288NoRIPE allocation to a provider (often)
/3279,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,336 (2^96)4,294,967,29665,536YesProvider allocation (RIPE default)
/364,951,760,157,141,521,099,596,496,896 (2^92)268,435,4564,096Yes
/40309,485,009,821,345,068,724,781,056 (2^88)16,777,216256Yes
/4419,342,813,113,834,066,795,298,816 (2^84)1,048,57616Yes
/481,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 (2^80)65,5361YesOne site or organisation (RIPE PI / assignment)
/5275,557,863,725,914,323,419,136 (2^76)4,096Yes
/564,722,366,482,869,645,213,696 (2^72)256YesSmall site or home (common provider assignment)
/60295,147,905,179,352,825,856 (2^68)16YesSome home broadband (16 LANs)
/6418,446,744,073,709,551,616 (2^64)1YesOne LAN or VLAN (needed for SLAAC)
/7272,057,594,037,927,936 (2^56)1/256 of a /64Yes
/80281,474,976,710,656 (2^48)1/65,536 of a /64Yes
/964,294,967,2961/4,294,967,296 of a /64YesEmbeds an IPv4 address (NAT64)
/11265,5361/281,474,976,710,656 of a /64Yes
/1202561/72,057,594,037,927,936 of a /64Yes
/124161/1,152,921,504,606,846,976 of a /64Yes
/12641/4,611,686,018,427,387,904 of a /64No
/12721/9,223,372,036,854,775,808 of a /64NoPoint-to-point link (RFC 6164)
/12811/18,446,744,073,709,551,616 of a /64YesOne host or loopback

Private and special ranges

IPv4

Special-purpose ranges
RangeNameWhat it is
255.255.255.255/32Limited broadcastEvery host on the local network
0.0.0.0/8This networkNot routed; 0.0.0.0 means "any address" in settings
10.0.0.0/8Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
100.64.0.0/10Shared address space (CGNAT)Used by providers behind carrier-grade NAT (RFC 6598)
127.0.0.0/8LoopbackThis computer
169.254.0.0/16Link-local (APIPA)Self-assigned when no DHCP server answers
172.16.0.0/12Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
192.0.0.0/24IETF protocol assignmentsSpecial uses such as DS-Lite
192.0.2.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-1)For examples; never used on a network
192.88.99.0/246to4 relay (deprecated)Formerly anycast for 6to4
192.168.0.0/16Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
198.18.0.0/15BenchmarkingNetwork equipment testing (RFC 2544)
198.51.100.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-2)For examples; never used on a network
203.0.113.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-3)For examples; never used on a network
224.0.0.0/4MulticastOne-to-many traffic, such as IPTV and routing protocols
240.0.0.0/4ReservedFuture use; not usable on most systems

IPv6

Special-purpose ranges
RangeNameWhat it is
::/128UnspecifiedNo address; :: means "any address" in settings
::1/128LoopbackThis computer
::ffff:0:0/96IPv4-mappedAn IPv4 address written as IPv6
64:ff9b::/96NAT64IPv4 addresses reached through a NAT64 gateway
100::/64Discard onlyTraffic sent here is dropped (RFC 6666)
2001:db8::/32DocumentationFor examples; never used on a network
2001::/32TeredoIPv6 tunnelled over IPv4 UDP
2002::/166to4IPv6 tunnelled over IPv4 (largely retired)
3fff::/20DocumentationFor examples (RFC 9637)
fc00::/7Unique local (ULA)Private IPv6, like RFC 1918; usually fd00::/8
fe80::/10Link-localEvery IPv6 interface has one; not routed
ff00::/8MulticastOne-to-many traffic; replaces broadcast
2000::/3Global unicastPublic internet addresses

About this tool

A network is written as an address and a prefix length, such as 192.168.1.0/24: the first 24 bits name the network and the rest number the devices on it. The calculator works out where the network starts and ends, how many devices it holds, its subnet and wildcard masks, and the reverse DNS zone to ask your provider for.

It also splits a network into equal smaller ones (one per VLAN or site), turns a range of addresses into the fewest CIDR blocks for a firewall rule, and lists every IPv4 prefix length and the common IPv6 ones in reference tables.

Common questions

Why are two addresses lost in every IPv4 subnet?

The first address names the network and the last is the broadcast address, so a /24 has 256 addresses but 254 for devices. A /31 (a link between two routers) and a /32 (one host) are the exceptions.

What size of IPv6 network should a LAN use?

Always /64. Devices pick their own address within it (SLAAC), which needs the full 64 bits. A site usually gets a /48 or /56 from its provider, which holds 65,536 or 256 LANs.

What is a wildcard mask?

The subnet mask turned inside out: 255.255.255.0 becomes 0.0.0.255. Cisco access lists and OSPF use it to say which bits must match.

Which ranges can I use inside an office?

IPv4: 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16. IPv6: unique local addresses from fd00::/8, though most networks use the public prefix from their provider.