Speed and call quality testMy IP addressIP subnet calculatorDNS reportWhoIs lookupRemote support

Internet and network

Speed and call quality testTest delay, jitter and speed, with a focus on phone calls.My IP addressYour public IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, provider and address range.WhoIs lookupWho owns a domain or IP address, when it expires, and its DNS.DNS reportEvery DNS record for a domain, with email setup checked.IP subnet calculatorWork out a network's range, mask and hosts, and split it into subnets.

Computers and devices

Update checkIs this computer, phone and browser up to date? With links to update.Camera and mic testCheck your webcam and microphone before a call.Test print pagePrint an A4 page to check a printer: edges, text, line art and colours.

Make and print

Clean textStrip hidden characters, smart quotes and odd spaces from pasted text.QR code makerMake a QR code for a link, contact or message. Nothing leaves your browser.Wi-Fi QR posterPrint an A4 poster that lets guests join your Wi-Fi by scanning.

Surftec support

Remote supportLet a Surftec engineer connect to your computer to help you.All workingA full-screen confirmation that everything is up and running.

Surftec

Surftec websiteServices, news and how to contact Surftec
Cloud Tools
Guest
GuestNot signed in

Surftec customers will be recognised automatically when they use these tools from their office network.

Customer sign-in is coming soon.

IP subnet calculator

Type an address with its prefix or mask to see the network, its usable range and masks. Split it into smaller subnets, or look up any prefix in the reference tables.

Network35.167.208.0/20
Usable hosts4,094
Subnet mask255.255.240.0
Addresses4,096
Network address
35.167.208.0
Broadcast address
35.167.223.255
First usable
35.167.208.1
Last usable
35.167.223.254
Usable hosts
4,094 (4,096 less the network and broadcast addresses)
Subnet mask
255.255.240.0
Wildcard mask
0.0.15.255 (Cisco ACLs, OSPF)
Prefix length
/20
Type
Public public
Old class
A (default /8)
As numbers
Hex 23A7D000 · Integer 598200320 to 598204415
Reverse DNS zones
208.167.35.in-addr.arpa
209.167.35.in-addr.arpa
210.167.35.in-addr.arpa
211.167.35.in-addr.arpa
212.167.35.in-addr.arpa
213.167.35.in-addr.arpa
214.167.35.in-addr.arpa
215.167.35.in-addr.arpa
216.167.35.in-addr.arpa
217.167.35.in-addr.arpa
218.167.35.in-addr.arpa
219.167.35.in-addr.arpa
220.167.35.in-addr.arpa
221.167.35.in-addr.arpa
222.167.35.in-addr.arpa
223.167.35.in-addr.arpa
/20 is not on a 8-bit boundary, so it takes 16 /24 zones.
Binary
Binary view
Binary (network bits bold, host bits grey)Dotted
Address00100011.10100111.11010000.0000000035.167.208.0
Subnet mask11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000255.255.240.0
Network00100011.10100111.11010000.0000000035.167.208.0
Broadcast00100011.10100111.11011111.1111111135.167.223.255
Split into smaller subnets/26
/21 (2)/22 (4)/23 (8)/24 (16)/25 (32)/26 (64)/27 (128)/28 (256)/29 (512)/30 (1,024)/31 (2,048)/32 (4,096)

35.167.208.0/20 makes 64 subnets of /26.

Subnets
#SubnetUsable hosts rangeBroadcastHosts
135.167.208.0/2635.167.208.1 to 35.167.208.6235.167.208.6362
235.167.208.64/2635.167.208.65 to 35.167.208.12635.167.208.12762
335.167.208.128/2635.167.208.129 to 35.167.208.19035.167.208.19162
435.167.208.192/2635.167.208.193 to 35.167.208.25435.167.208.25562
535.167.209.0/2635.167.209.1 to 35.167.209.6235.167.209.6362
635.167.209.64/2635.167.209.65 to 35.167.209.12635.167.209.12762
735.167.209.128/2635.167.209.129 to 35.167.209.19035.167.209.19162
835.167.209.192/2635.167.209.193 to 35.167.209.25435.167.209.25562
935.167.210.0/2635.167.210.1 to 35.167.210.6235.167.210.6362
1035.167.210.64/2635.167.210.65 to 35.167.210.12635.167.210.12762
1135.167.210.128/2635.167.210.129 to 35.167.210.19035.167.210.19162
1235.167.210.192/2635.167.210.193 to 35.167.210.25435.167.210.25562
1335.167.211.0/2635.167.211.1 to 35.167.211.6235.167.211.6362
1435.167.211.64/2635.167.211.65 to 35.167.211.12635.167.211.12762
1535.167.211.128/2635.167.211.129 to 35.167.211.19035.167.211.19162
1635.167.211.192/2635.167.211.193 to 35.167.211.25435.167.211.25562
1735.167.212.0/2635.167.212.1 to 35.167.212.6235.167.212.6362
1835.167.212.64/2635.167.212.65 to 35.167.212.12635.167.212.12762
1935.167.212.128/2635.167.212.129 to 35.167.212.19035.167.212.19162
2035.167.212.192/2635.167.212.193 to 35.167.212.25435.167.212.25562
2135.167.213.0/2635.167.213.1 to 35.167.213.6235.167.213.6362
2235.167.213.64/2635.167.213.65 to 35.167.213.12635.167.213.12762
2335.167.213.128/2635.167.213.129 to 35.167.213.19035.167.213.19162
2435.167.213.192/2635.167.213.193 to 35.167.213.25435.167.213.25562
2535.167.214.0/2635.167.214.1 to 35.167.214.6235.167.214.6362
2635.167.214.64/2635.167.214.65 to 35.167.214.12635.167.214.12762
2735.167.214.128/2635.167.214.129 to 35.167.214.19035.167.214.19162
2835.167.214.192/2635.167.214.193 to 35.167.214.25435.167.214.25562
2935.167.215.0/2635.167.215.1 to 35.167.215.6235.167.215.6362
3035.167.215.64/2635.167.215.65 to 35.167.215.12635.167.215.12762
3135.167.215.128/2635.167.215.129 to 35.167.215.19035.167.215.19162
3235.167.215.192/2635.167.215.193 to 35.167.215.25435.167.215.25562
3335.167.216.0/2635.167.216.1 to 35.167.216.6235.167.216.6362
3435.167.216.64/2635.167.216.65 to 35.167.216.12635.167.216.12762
3535.167.216.128/2635.167.216.129 to 35.167.216.19035.167.216.19162
3635.167.216.192/2635.167.216.193 to 35.167.216.25435.167.216.25562
3735.167.217.0/2635.167.217.1 to 35.167.217.6235.167.217.6362
3835.167.217.64/2635.167.217.65 to 35.167.217.12635.167.217.12762
3935.167.217.128/2635.167.217.129 to 35.167.217.19035.167.217.19162
4035.167.217.192/2635.167.217.193 to 35.167.217.25435.167.217.25562
4135.167.218.0/2635.167.218.1 to 35.167.218.6235.167.218.6362
4235.167.218.64/2635.167.218.65 to 35.167.218.12635.167.218.12762
4335.167.218.128/2635.167.218.129 to 35.167.218.19035.167.218.19162
4435.167.218.192/2635.167.218.193 to 35.167.218.25435.167.218.25562
4535.167.219.0/2635.167.219.1 to 35.167.219.6235.167.219.6362
4635.167.219.64/2635.167.219.65 to 35.167.219.12635.167.219.12762
4735.167.219.128/2635.167.219.129 to 35.167.219.19035.167.219.19162
4835.167.219.192/2635.167.219.193 to 35.167.219.25435.167.219.25562
4935.167.220.0/2635.167.220.1 to 35.167.220.6235.167.220.6362
5035.167.220.64/2635.167.220.65 to 35.167.220.12635.167.220.12762
5135.167.220.128/2635.167.220.129 to 35.167.220.19035.167.220.19162
5235.167.220.192/2635.167.220.193 to 35.167.220.25435.167.220.25562
5335.167.221.0/2635.167.221.1 to 35.167.221.6235.167.221.6362
5435.167.221.64/2635.167.221.65 to 35.167.221.12635.167.221.12762
5535.167.221.128/2635.167.221.129 to 35.167.221.19035.167.221.19162
5635.167.221.192/2635.167.221.193 to 35.167.221.25435.167.221.25562
5735.167.222.0/2635.167.222.1 to 35.167.222.6235.167.222.6362
5835.167.222.64/2635.167.222.65 to 35.167.222.12635.167.222.12762
5935.167.222.128/2635.167.222.129 to 35.167.222.19035.167.222.19162
6035.167.222.192/2635.167.222.193 to 35.167.222.25435.167.222.25562
6135.167.223.0/2635.167.223.1 to 35.167.223.6235.167.223.6362
6235.167.223.64/2635.167.223.65 to 35.167.223.12635.167.223.12762
6335.167.223.128/2635.167.223.129 to 35.167.223.19035.167.223.19162
6435.167.223.192/2635.167.223.193 to 35.167.223.25435.167.223.25562

IPv4 CIDR reference (/0 to /32)

IPv4 prefix lengths
PrefixSubnet maskWildcardAddressesUsable hostsSizeTypical use
/00.0.0.0255.255.255.2554,294,967,2964,294,967,29416,777,216 × /24
/1128.0.0.0127.255.255.2552,147,483,6482,147,483,6468,388,608 × /24
/2192.0.0.063.255.255.2551,073,741,8241,073,741,8224,194,304 × /24
/3224.0.0.031.255.255.255536,870,912536,870,9102,097,152 × /24
/4240.0.0.015.255.255.255268,435,456268,435,4541,048,576 × /24
/5248.0.0.07.255.255.255134,217,728134,217,726524,288 × /24
/6252.0.0.03.255.255.25567,108,86467,108,862262,144 × /24
/7254.0.0.01.255.255.25533,554,43233,554,430131,072 × /24
/8255.0.0.00.255.255.25516,777,21616,777,21465,536 × /24Old class A; 10.0.0.0/8
/9255.128.0.00.127.255.2558,388,6088,388,60632,768 × /24
/10255.192.0.00.63.255.2554,194,3044,194,30216,384 × /24
/11255.224.0.00.31.255.2552,097,1522,097,1508,192 × /24
/12255.240.0.00.15.255.2551,048,5761,048,5744,096 × /24172.16.0.0/12
/13255.248.0.00.7.255.255524,288524,2862,048 × /24
/14255.252.0.00.3.255.255262,144262,1421,024 × /24
/15255.254.0.00.1.255.255131,072131,070512 × /24
/16255.255.0.00.0.255.25565,53665,534256 × /24Old class B; 192.168.0.0/16
/17255.255.128.00.0.127.25532,76832,766128 × /24
/18255.255.192.00.0.63.25516,38416,38264 × /24
/19255.255.224.00.0.31.2558,1928,19032 × /24
/20255.255.240.00.0.15.2554,0964,09416 × /24
/21255.255.248.00.0.7.2552,0482,0468 × /24
/22255.255.252.00.0.3.2551,0241,0224 × /24Large office or guest Wi-Fi (1,022 hosts)
/23255.255.254.00.0.1.2555125102 × /24Larger office LAN (510 hosts)
/24255.255.255.00.0.0.2552562541 × /24Typical office LAN (old class C)
/25255.255.255.1280.0.0.1271281261/2 of a /24Smaller LAN or VLAN
/26255.255.255.1920.0.0.6364621/4 of a /24Smaller LAN or VLAN
/27255.255.255.2240.0.0.3132301/8 of a /24Small VLAN, phones, cameras
/28255.255.255.2400.0.0.1516141/16 of a /24Small VLAN, phones, cameras
/29255.255.255.2480.0.0.7861/32 of a /24Small fixed public block (5 usable)
/30255.255.255.2520.0.0.3421/64 of a /24Point-to-point (old style)
/31255.255.255.2540.0.0.1221/128 of a /24Point-to-point link (RFC 3021)
/32255.255.255.2550.0.0.0111/256 of a /24One host

IPv6 prefix reference

IPv6 prefix lengths
PrefixAddresses/64 LANs/48 sitesNibbleTypical use
/342,535,295,865,117,307,932,921,825,928,971,026,432 (2^125)2,305,843,009,213,693,95235,184,372,088,832NoAll global unicast (2000::/3)
/165,192,296,858,534,827,628,530,496,329,220,096 (2^112)281,474,976,710,6564,294,967,296Yes
/20324,518,553,658,426,726,783,156,020,576,256 (2^108)17,592,186,044,416268,435,456YesLarge provider allocation (RIPE minimum for some)
/29633,825,300,114,114,700,748,351,602,688 (2^99)34,359,738,368524,288NoRIPE allocation to a provider (often)
/3279,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,336 (2^96)4,294,967,29665,536YesProvider allocation (RIPE default)
/364,951,760,157,141,521,099,596,496,896 (2^92)268,435,4564,096Yes
/40309,485,009,821,345,068,724,781,056 (2^88)16,777,216256Yes
/4419,342,813,113,834,066,795,298,816 (2^84)1,048,57616Yes
/481,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 (2^80)65,5361YesOne site or organisation (RIPE PI / assignment)
/5275,557,863,725,914,323,419,136 (2^76)4,096Yes
/564,722,366,482,869,645,213,696 (2^72)256YesSmall site or home (common provider assignment)
/60295,147,905,179,352,825,856 (2^68)16YesSome home broadband (16 LANs)
/6418,446,744,073,709,551,616 (2^64)1YesOne LAN or VLAN (needed for SLAAC)
/7272,057,594,037,927,936 (2^56)1/256 of a /64Yes
/80281,474,976,710,656 (2^48)1/65,536 of a /64Yes
/964,294,967,2961/4,294,967,296 of a /64YesEmbeds an IPv4 address (NAT64)
/11265,5361/281,474,976,710,656 of a /64Yes
/1202561/72,057,594,037,927,936 of a /64Yes
/124161/1,152,921,504,606,846,976 of a /64Yes
/12641/4,611,686,018,427,387,904 of a /64No
/12721/9,223,372,036,854,775,808 of a /64NoPoint-to-point link (RFC 6164)
/12811/18,446,744,073,709,551,616 of a /64YesOne host or loopback

Private and special ranges

IPv4

Special-purpose ranges
RangeNameWhat it is
255.255.255.255/32Limited broadcastEvery host on the local network
0.0.0.0/8This networkNot routed; 0.0.0.0 means "any address" in settings
10.0.0.0/8Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
100.64.0.0/10Shared address space (CGNAT)Used by providers behind carrier-grade NAT (RFC 6598)
127.0.0.0/8LoopbackThis computer
169.254.0.0/16Link-local (APIPA)Self-assigned when no DHCP server answers
172.16.0.0/12Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
192.0.0.0/24IETF protocol assignmentsSpecial uses such as DS-Lite
192.0.2.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-1)For examples; never used on a network
192.88.99.0/246to4 relay (deprecated)Formerly anycast for 6to4
192.168.0.0/16Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
198.18.0.0/15BenchmarkingNetwork equipment testing (RFC 2544)
198.51.100.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-2)For examples; never used on a network
203.0.113.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-3)For examples; never used on a network
224.0.0.0/4MulticastOne-to-many traffic, such as IPTV and routing protocols
240.0.0.0/4ReservedFuture use; not usable on most systems

IPv6

Special-purpose ranges
RangeNameWhat it is
::/128UnspecifiedNo address; :: means "any address" in settings
::1/128LoopbackThis computer
::ffff:0:0/96IPv4-mappedAn IPv4 address written as IPv6
64:ff9b::/96NAT64IPv4 addresses reached through a NAT64 gateway
100::/64Discard onlyTraffic sent here is dropped (RFC 6666)
2001:db8::/32DocumentationFor examples; never used on a network
2001::/32TeredoIPv6 tunnelled over IPv4 UDP
2002::/166to4IPv6 tunnelled over IPv4 (largely retired)
3fff::/20DocumentationFor examples (RFC 9637)
fc00::/7Unique local (ULA)Private IPv6, like RFC 1918; usually fd00::/8
fe80::/10Link-localEvery IPv6 interface has one; not routed
ff00::/8MulticastOne-to-many traffic; replaces broadcast
2000::/3Global unicastPublic internet addresses

About this tool

A network is written as an address and a prefix length, such as 192.168.1.0/24: the first 24 bits name the network and the rest number the devices on it. The calculator works out where the network starts and ends, how many devices it holds, its subnet and wildcard masks, and the reverse DNS zone to ask your provider for.

It also splits a network into equal smaller ones (one per VLAN or site), turns a range of addresses into the fewest CIDR blocks for a firewall rule, and lists every IPv4 prefix length and the common IPv6 ones in reference tables.

Common questions

Why are two addresses lost in every IPv4 subnet?

The first address names the network and the last is the broadcast address, so a /24 has 256 addresses but 254 for devices. A /31 (a link between two routers) and a /32 (one host) are the exceptions.

What size of IPv6 network should a LAN use?

Always /64. Devices pick their own address within it (SLAAC), which needs the full 64 bits. A site usually gets a /48 or /56 from its provider, which holds 65,536 or 256 LANs.

What is a wildcard mask?

The subnet mask turned inside out: 255.255.255.0 becomes 0.0.0.255. Cisco access lists and OSPF use it to say which bits must match.

Which ranges can I use inside an office?

IPv4: 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16. IPv6: unique local addresses from fd00::/8, though most networks use the public prefix from their provider.