Speed and call quality testMy IP addressIP subnet calculatorDNS reportWhoIs lookupRemote support

Internet and network

Speed and call quality testTest delay, jitter and speed, with a focus on phone calls.My IP addressYour public IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, provider and address range.WhoIs lookupWho owns a domain or IP address, when it expires, and its DNS.DNS reportEvery DNS record for a domain, with email setup checked.IP subnet calculatorWork out a network's range, mask and hosts, and split it into subnets.

Computers and devices

Update checkIs this computer, phone and browser up to date? With links to update.Camera and mic testCheck your webcam and microphone before a call.Test print pagePrint an A4 page to check a printer: edges, text, line art and colours.

Make and print

Clean textStrip hidden characters, smart quotes and odd spaces from pasted text.QR code makerMake a QR code for a link, contact or message. Nothing leaves your browser.Wi-Fi QR posterPrint an A4 poster that lets guests join your Wi-Fi by scanning.

Surftec support

Remote supportLet a Surftec engineer connect to your computer to help you.All workingA full-screen confirmation that everything is up and running.

Surftec

Surftec websiteServices, news and how to contact Surftec
Cloud Tools
Guest
GuestNot signed in

Surftec customers will be recognised automatically when they use these tools from their office network.

Customer sign-in is coming soon.

IP subnet calculator

Type an address with its prefix or mask to see the network, its usable range and masks. Split it into smaller subnets, or look up any prefix in the reference tables.

Network47.192.0.0/11
Usable hosts2,097,150
Subnet mask255.224.0.0
Addresses2,097,152
Network address
47.192.0.0
Broadcast address
47.223.255.255
First usable
47.192.0.1
Last usable
47.223.255.254
Usable hosts
2,097,150 (2,097,152 less the network and broadcast addresses)
Subnet mask
255.224.0.0
Wildcard mask
0.31.255.255 (Cisco ACLs, OSPF)
Prefix length
/11
Type
Public public
Old class
A (default /8)
As numbers
Hex 2FC00000 · Integer 801112064 to 803209215
Reverse DNS zones
192.47.in-addr.arpa
193.47.in-addr.arpa
194.47.in-addr.arpa
195.47.in-addr.arpa
196.47.in-addr.arpa
197.47.in-addr.arpa
198.47.in-addr.arpa
199.47.in-addr.arpa
200.47.in-addr.arpa
201.47.in-addr.arpa
202.47.in-addr.arpa
203.47.in-addr.arpa
204.47.in-addr.arpa
205.47.in-addr.arpa
206.47.in-addr.arpa
207.47.in-addr.arpa
and 16 more
/11 is not on a 8-bit boundary, so it takes 32 /16 zones.
Binary
Binary view
Binary (network bits bold, host bits grey)Dotted
Address00101111.11000000.00000000.0000000047.192.0.0
Subnet mask11111111.11100000.00000000.00000000255.224.0.0
Network00101111.11000000.00000000.0000000047.192.0.0
Broadcast00101111.11011111.11111111.1111111147.223.255.255
Split into smaller subnets/17
/12 (2)/13 (4)/14 (8)/15 (16)/16 (32)/17 (64)/18 (128)/19 (256)/20 (512)/21 (1,024)/22 (2,048)/23 (4,096)

47.192.0.0/11 makes 64 subnets of /17.

Subnets
#SubnetUsable hosts rangeBroadcastHosts
147.192.0.0/1747.192.0.1 to 47.192.127.25447.192.127.25532,766
247.192.128.0/1747.192.128.1 to 47.192.255.25447.192.255.25532,766
347.193.0.0/1747.193.0.1 to 47.193.127.25447.193.127.25532,766
447.193.128.0/1747.193.128.1 to 47.193.255.25447.193.255.25532,766
547.194.0.0/1747.194.0.1 to 47.194.127.25447.194.127.25532,766
647.194.128.0/1747.194.128.1 to 47.194.255.25447.194.255.25532,766
747.195.0.0/1747.195.0.1 to 47.195.127.25447.195.127.25532,766
847.195.128.0/1747.195.128.1 to 47.195.255.25447.195.255.25532,766
947.196.0.0/1747.196.0.1 to 47.196.127.25447.196.127.25532,766
1047.196.128.0/1747.196.128.1 to 47.196.255.25447.196.255.25532,766
1147.197.0.0/1747.197.0.1 to 47.197.127.25447.197.127.25532,766
1247.197.128.0/1747.197.128.1 to 47.197.255.25447.197.255.25532,766
1347.198.0.0/1747.198.0.1 to 47.198.127.25447.198.127.25532,766
1447.198.128.0/1747.198.128.1 to 47.198.255.25447.198.255.25532,766
1547.199.0.0/1747.199.0.1 to 47.199.127.25447.199.127.25532,766
1647.199.128.0/1747.199.128.1 to 47.199.255.25447.199.255.25532,766
1747.200.0.0/1747.200.0.1 to 47.200.127.25447.200.127.25532,766
1847.200.128.0/1747.200.128.1 to 47.200.255.25447.200.255.25532,766
1947.201.0.0/1747.201.0.1 to 47.201.127.25447.201.127.25532,766
2047.201.128.0/1747.201.128.1 to 47.201.255.25447.201.255.25532,766
2147.202.0.0/1747.202.0.1 to 47.202.127.25447.202.127.25532,766
2247.202.128.0/1747.202.128.1 to 47.202.255.25447.202.255.25532,766
2347.203.0.0/1747.203.0.1 to 47.203.127.25447.203.127.25532,766
2447.203.128.0/1747.203.128.1 to 47.203.255.25447.203.255.25532,766
2547.204.0.0/1747.204.0.1 to 47.204.127.25447.204.127.25532,766
2647.204.128.0/1747.204.128.1 to 47.204.255.25447.204.255.25532,766
2747.205.0.0/1747.205.0.1 to 47.205.127.25447.205.127.25532,766
2847.205.128.0/1747.205.128.1 to 47.205.255.25447.205.255.25532,766
2947.206.0.0/1747.206.0.1 to 47.206.127.25447.206.127.25532,766
3047.206.128.0/1747.206.128.1 to 47.206.255.25447.206.255.25532,766
3147.207.0.0/1747.207.0.1 to 47.207.127.25447.207.127.25532,766
3247.207.128.0/1747.207.128.1 to 47.207.255.25447.207.255.25532,766
3347.208.0.0/1747.208.0.1 to 47.208.127.25447.208.127.25532,766
3447.208.128.0/1747.208.128.1 to 47.208.255.25447.208.255.25532,766
3547.209.0.0/1747.209.0.1 to 47.209.127.25447.209.127.25532,766
3647.209.128.0/1747.209.128.1 to 47.209.255.25447.209.255.25532,766
3747.210.0.0/1747.210.0.1 to 47.210.127.25447.210.127.25532,766
3847.210.128.0/1747.210.128.1 to 47.210.255.25447.210.255.25532,766
3947.211.0.0/1747.211.0.1 to 47.211.127.25447.211.127.25532,766
4047.211.128.0/1747.211.128.1 to 47.211.255.25447.211.255.25532,766
4147.212.0.0/1747.212.0.1 to 47.212.127.25447.212.127.25532,766
4247.212.128.0/1747.212.128.1 to 47.212.255.25447.212.255.25532,766
4347.213.0.0/1747.213.0.1 to 47.213.127.25447.213.127.25532,766
4447.213.128.0/1747.213.128.1 to 47.213.255.25447.213.255.25532,766
4547.214.0.0/1747.214.0.1 to 47.214.127.25447.214.127.25532,766
4647.214.128.0/1747.214.128.1 to 47.214.255.25447.214.255.25532,766
4747.215.0.0/1747.215.0.1 to 47.215.127.25447.215.127.25532,766
4847.215.128.0/1747.215.128.1 to 47.215.255.25447.215.255.25532,766
4947.216.0.0/1747.216.0.1 to 47.216.127.25447.216.127.25532,766
5047.216.128.0/1747.216.128.1 to 47.216.255.25447.216.255.25532,766
5147.217.0.0/1747.217.0.1 to 47.217.127.25447.217.127.25532,766
5247.217.128.0/1747.217.128.1 to 47.217.255.25447.217.255.25532,766
5347.218.0.0/1747.218.0.1 to 47.218.127.25447.218.127.25532,766
5447.218.128.0/1747.218.128.1 to 47.218.255.25447.218.255.25532,766
5547.219.0.0/1747.219.0.1 to 47.219.127.25447.219.127.25532,766
5647.219.128.0/1747.219.128.1 to 47.219.255.25447.219.255.25532,766
5747.220.0.0/1747.220.0.1 to 47.220.127.25447.220.127.25532,766
5847.220.128.0/1747.220.128.1 to 47.220.255.25447.220.255.25532,766
5947.221.0.0/1747.221.0.1 to 47.221.127.25447.221.127.25532,766
6047.221.128.0/1747.221.128.1 to 47.221.255.25447.221.255.25532,766
6147.222.0.0/1747.222.0.1 to 47.222.127.25447.222.127.25532,766
6247.222.128.0/1747.222.128.1 to 47.222.255.25447.222.255.25532,766
6347.223.0.0/1747.223.0.1 to 47.223.127.25447.223.127.25532,766
6447.223.128.0/1747.223.128.1 to 47.223.255.25447.223.255.25532,766

IPv4 CIDR reference (/0 to /32)

IPv4 prefix lengths
PrefixSubnet maskWildcardAddressesUsable hostsSizeTypical use
/00.0.0.0255.255.255.2554,294,967,2964,294,967,29416,777,216 × /24
/1128.0.0.0127.255.255.2552,147,483,6482,147,483,6468,388,608 × /24
/2192.0.0.063.255.255.2551,073,741,8241,073,741,8224,194,304 × /24
/3224.0.0.031.255.255.255536,870,912536,870,9102,097,152 × /24
/4240.0.0.015.255.255.255268,435,456268,435,4541,048,576 × /24
/5248.0.0.07.255.255.255134,217,728134,217,726524,288 × /24
/6252.0.0.03.255.255.25567,108,86467,108,862262,144 × /24
/7254.0.0.01.255.255.25533,554,43233,554,430131,072 × /24
/8255.0.0.00.255.255.25516,777,21616,777,21465,536 × /24Old class A; 10.0.0.0/8
/9255.128.0.00.127.255.2558,388,6088,388,60632,768 × /24
/10255.192.0.00.63.255.2554,194,3044,194,30216,384 × /24
/11255.224.0.00.31.255.2552,097,1522,097,1508,192 × /24
/12255.240.0.00.15.255.2551,048,5761,048,5744,096 × /24172.16.0.0/12
/13255.248.0.00.7.255.255524,288524,2862,048 × /24
/14255.252.0.00.3.255.255262,144262,1421,024 × /24
/15255.254.0.00.1.255.255131,072131,070512 × /24
/16255.255.0.00.0.255.25565,53665,534256 × /24Old class B; 192.168.0.0/16
/17255.255.128.00.0.127.25532,76832,766128 × /24
/18255.255.192.00.0.63.25516,38416,38264 × /24
/19255.255.224.00.0.31.2558,1928,19032 × /24
/20255.255.240.00.0.15.2554,0964,09416 × /24
/21255.255.248.00.0.7.2552,0482,0468 × /24
/22255.255.252.00.0.3.2551,0241,0224 × /24Large office or guest Wi-Fi (1,022 hosts)
/23255.255.254.00.0.1.2555125102 × /24Larger office LAN (510 hosts)
/24255.255.255.00.0.0.2552562541 × /24Typical office LAN (old class C)
/25255.255.255.1280.0.0.1271281261/2 of a /24Smaller LAN or VLAN
/26255.255.255.1920.0.0.6364621/4 of a /24Smaller LAN or VLAN
/27255.255.255.2240.0.0.3132301/8 of a /24Small VLAN, phones, cameras
/28255.255.255.2400.0.0.1516141/16 of a /24Small VLAN, phones, cameras
/29255.255.255.2480.0.0.7861/32 of a /24Small fixed public block (5 usable)
/30255.255.255.2520.0.0.3421/64 of a /24Point-to-point (old style)
/31255.255.255.2540.0.0.1221/128 of a /24Point-to-point link (RFC 3021)
/32255.255.255.2550.0.0.0111/256 of a /24One host

IPv6 prefix reference

IPv6 prefix lengths
PrefixAddresses/64 LANs/48 sitesNibbleTypical use
/342,535,295,865,117,307,932,921,825,928,971,026,432 (2^125)2,305,843,009,213,693,95235,184,372,088,832NoAll global unicast (2000::/3)
/165,192,296,858,534,827,628,530,496,329,220,096 (2^112)281,474,976,710,6564,294,967,296Yes
/20324,518,553,658,426,726,783,156,020,576,256 (2^108)17,592,186,044,416268,435,456YesLarge provider allocation (RIPE minimum for some)
/29633,825,300,114,114,700,748,351,602,688 (2^99)34,359,738,368524,288NoRIPE allocation to a provider (often)
/3279,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,336 (2^96)4,294,967,29665,536YesProvider allocation (RIPE default)
/364,951,760,157,141,521,099,596,496,896 (2^92)268,435,4564,096Yes
/40309,485,009,821,345,068,724,781,056 (2^88)16,777,216256Yes
/4419,342,813,113,834,066,795,298,816 (2^84)1,048,57616Yes
/481,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 (2^80)65,5361YesOne site or organisation (RIPE PI / assignment)
/5275,557,863,725,914,323,419,136 (2^76)4,096Yes
/564,722,366,482,869,645,213,696 (2^72)256YesSmall site or home (common provider assignment)
/60295,147,905,179,352,825,856 (2^68)16YesSome home broadband (16 LANs)
/6418,446,744,073,709,551,616 (2^64)1YesOne LAN or VLAN (needed for SLAAC)
/7272,057,594,037,927,936 (2^56)1/256 of a /64Yes
/80281,474,976,710,656 (2^48)1/65,536 of a /64Yes
/964,294,967,2961/4,294,967,296 of a /64YesEmbeds an IPv4 address (NAT64)
/11265,5361/281,474,976,710,656 of a /64Yes
/1202561/72,057,594,037,927,936 of a /64Yes
/124161/1,152,921,504,606,846,976 of a /64Yes
/12641/4,611,686,018,427,387,904 of a /64No
/12721/9,223,372,036,854,775,808 of a /64NoPoint-to-point link (RFC 6164)
/12811/18,446,744,073,709,551,616 of a /64YesOne host or loopback

Private and special ranges

IPv4

Special-purpose ranges
RangeNameWhat it is
255.255.255.255/32Limited broadcastEvery host on the local network
0.0.0.0/8This networkNot routed; 0.0.0.0 means "any address" in settings
10.0.0.0/8Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
100.64.0.0/10Shared address space (CGNAT)Used by providers behind carrier-grade NAT (RFC 6598)
127.0.0.0/8LoopbackThis computer
169.254.0.0/16Link-local (APIPA)Self-assigned when no DHCP server answers
172.16.0.0/12Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
192.0.0.0/24IETF protocol assignmentsSpecial uses such as DS-Lite
192.0.2.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-1)For examples; never used on a network
192.88.99.0/246to4 relay (deprecated)Formerly anycast for 6to4
192.168.0.0/16Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
198.18.0.0/15BenchmarkingNetwork equipment testing (RFC 2544)
198.51.100.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-2)For examples; never used on a network
203.0.113.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-3)For examples; never used on a network
224.0.0.0/4MulticastOne-to-many traffic, such as IPTV and routing protocols
240.0.0.0/4ReservedFuture use; not usable on most systems

IPv6

Special-purpose ranges
RangeNameWhat it is
::/128UnspecifiedNo address; :: means "any address" in settings
::1/128LoopbackThis computer
::ffff:0:0/96IPv4-mappedAn IPv4 address written as IPv6
64:ff9b::/96NAT64IPv4 addresses reached through a NAT64 gateway
100::/64Discard onlyTraffic sent here is dropped (RFC 6666)
2001:db8::/32DocumentationFor examples; never used on a network
2001::/32TeredoIPv6 tunnelled over IPv4 UDP
2002::/166to4IPv6 tunnelled over IPv4 (largely retired)
3fff::/20DocumentationFor examples (RFC 9637)
fc00::/7Unique local (ULA)Private IPv6, like RFC 1918; usually fd00::/8
fe80::/10Link-localEvery IPv6 interface has one; not routed
ff00::/8MulticastOne-to-many traffic; replaces broadcast
2000::/3Global unicastPublic internet addresses

About this tool

A network is written as an address and a prefix length, such as 192.168.1.0/24: the first 24 bits name the network and the rest number the devices on it. The calculator works out where the network starts and ends, how many devices it holds, its subnet and wildcard masks, and the reverse DNS zone to ask your provider for.

It also splits a network into equal smaller ones (one per VLAN or site), turns a range of addresses into the fewest CIDR blocks for a firewall rule, and lists every IPv4 prefix length and the common IPv6 ones in reference tables.

Common questions

Why are two addresses lost in every IPv4 subnet?

The first address names the network and the last is the broadcast address, so a /24 has 256 addresses but 254 for devices. A /31 (a link between two routers) and a /32 (one host) are the exceptions.

What size of IPv6 network should a LAN use?

Always /64. Devices pick their own address within it (SLAAC), which needs the full 64 bits. A site usually gets a /48 or /56 from its provider, which holds 65,536 or 256 LANs.

What is a wildcard mask?

The subnet mask turned inside out: 255.255.255.0 becomes 0.0.0.255. Cisco access lists and OSPF use it to say which bits must match.

Which ranges can I use inside an office?

IPv4: 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16. IPv6: unique local addresses from fd00::/8, though most networks use the public prefix from their provider.